Pokok lidah jin atau Sansevieria trifasciata sering diguna sebagai “pembersih udara semula jadi” di rumah dan pejabat. Kajian moden menunjukkan ia memang boleh membantu, tetapi keberkesanan bergantung kepada jenis pencemar, bilangan pokok dan keadaan bilik.
Jenis pencemar yang boleh dibersihkan
| Jenis pencemar / kesan | Keputusan utama | Sumber |
|---|---|---|
| CO₂ (karbon dioksida) | Pengurangan ~10–24% dalam ruang tertutup, bergantung pada bilangan pokok & masa pendedahan | (Pamonpol et al., 2020; Zoric et al., 2019; Llanos et al., 2021) |
| Benzena (VOC) | Varieti S. trifasciata var. laurentii antara penyerap benzena paling kuat per luas daun | (Li et al., 2024) |
| Formaldehid, benzena, ammonia, CO | Kajian ulasan: boleh kurangkan CO sehingga ~84%, formaldehid ~30%, dan serap beberapa VOC lain | (Proboningtyas & Roqobih, 2025) |
| Asap rokok (PM2.5, formaldehid, asetona, benzena, xilena, VOC bercampur) | Biofilter pokok lidah jin (kadang digabung dengan pokok lain) buang 40–69% VOC & ketara kurangkan PM dalam 24–48 jam | (Permana et al., 2022; Siswanto et al., 2019; Permana et al., 2024; Ullah et al., 2020) |
Figure 1: Ringkasan pencemar udara yang dapat dikurangkan pokok lidah jin.
Keberkesanan dalam situasi sebenar
- Di pejabat tropika, meletakkan beberapa pasu S. trifasciata menurunkan kepekatan CO₂ sekitar 10–19% dalam kondisi pengudaraan terhad (Pamonpol et al., 2020).
- Eksperimen bilik 24 m³ menunjukkan biofilter berasaskan S. trifasciata boleh menapis asap rokok berulang kali (beberapa kitar) dengan keberkesanan tinggi di bawah cahaya sederhana (Permana et al., 2022; Siswanto et al., 2019).
- Kajian lapangan juga dapati apabila pokok dikeluarkan dari bilik, bacaan VOC, metana dan CO₂ meningkat mendadak, menandakan sumbangan jelas kepada kualiti udara dalaman (Zoric et al., 2019).
Mekanisme dan had
- Pencemar diserap melalui daun dan medium tanaman; sesetengahnya diuraikan oleh enzim seperti formaldehid dehidrogenase (Ullah et al., 2020).
- Sebagai tumbuhan CAM, S. trifasciata menyerap sebahagian CO₂ pada waktu malam, sebab itu ia digelar “pokok bilik tidur” (Zoric et al., 2019).
- Namun, satu dua pasu kecil tidak setanding penapis HEPA atau sistem mekanikal untuk PM halus dan patogen; ulasan besar mengesyorkan gabungan pengudaraan baik, kawalan sumber, teknologi penapisan dan tumbuhan (Mata et al., 2022; Kelly & Fussell, 2019; González-Martín et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2011; Susanto et al., 2020).
Kesimpulan
Pokok lidah jin memang membantu membersihkan udara dalaman, terutama untuk CO₂, beberapa gas toksik (formaldehid, benzena, ammonia) dan asap rokok dalam ruang kecil dan masa berjam-jam. Namun, ia patut dianggap sebagai pilihan sokongan “hijau” yang murah dan mudah dijaga, bukan pengganti pengudaraan yang baik dan alat penulen udara yang sesuai.
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References
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